French+Revolution+Stories

juan salcedo per.6 The French Revolution

Once upon a time there was a city named France. Then in the 1700’s France became something called the Old Regime. The people that lived in France were divided into three large society groups. The groups were also divided into 2 groups of the ones that had privileges and the ones that had no privileges. The ones that had privileges were the 1st and 2nd estate. The 3rd estate had no privileges at all when it came to the estates. The 1st estate was made up of the Roman Catholic Church. They owned 10% of land in France and 2% of its income went straight to the government of France. The 2nd estate was only made up of 2 % of the people. They were rich nobles that invested their money in land and property. They owned almost 20 % of land in France and paid no taxes. The 3rdestate was made up of 98 % of the population in France. The 98% were the poor people that did not own any land.

France was a good economic country until the king and his wife came and wasted all the money. The king’s name was King Louis XVI and his wife’s name was Marie Antoinette. When they were together Louis married Marie because she was a member of the royal family. She was an enemy of France, but when she stepped in France she wasn’t welcomed at all. People hated her and didn’t want her as the queen of France. They had no choice at the beginning, but then she started spending way too much money. She spent money on jewelry and gowns instead of France. After she spent the money people lost more respect for her and started calling her Madame Deficit. Instead of cutting expenses and taxes they increased them. He wanted money from the banks but the banks said no because he caused France to go in bankruptcy. On June 17, 1789 people were asked to vote to establish a new represenitive. The people were voting for either monarchy or representative government. There was one small problem, the 3rd estate couldn’t vote they found out they were locked out of the meeting room. They called this the Tennis Court Oath. They called it this way because their first meeting took place in tennis courts. This brought up the battle called the storming of the bastille. King Louis tried to make peace with the 3rd estate because of the National Assembly. They couldn’t vote for the government or the monarchy. King Louis demanded the nobles and the clergy to join the 3rd estate. The reasoning he probably did this is because he could sense the trouble there was going to be or he just didn’t want any problems. All his soldiers he stationed them in Paris because he didn’t trust the French army. Then on July 14 of that same year a mob of people tried to get in to take gunpowder from the Bastille which was a Paris prison at the time.

After this happened there were rumors going around that nobles were hiring outlaws to kill the peasants. Then the GREAT FEAR which was a wave of no panic from the peasants. The peasants didn’t want to become any bandits or outlaws but they had no choice in becoming that. For the reason as if because the nobles outlaws were killing the peasants. The peasants did exactly what the outlaws did. The peasants broke into nobles houses, and they tore up the old legal papers that bound them to pay dues. At one point the peasants started to burn the nobles’ houses. In October of 1789 about 6,000 Persian women rioted because the price of bread went up. that’s probably the only thing peasants could afford because of the 3rd estate. They were poor and now they couldn’t afford that much bread because of the prices. The Persian women were so mad that they turned against the king and queen. These women were people who wanted the prices to go down so they seized knifes and axes from the king and queen. Once they seized the weapons they broke into the palace they killed two of the guards that were guarding the door. The Persians demanded to see Louis and Marie Antoinette. Once they saw them they wanted them to go to Paris. When the king and queen plus children went to Paris and they never got to see their palace again. This had changed the power and radical reforms about France.

On august 27 the national assembly adopted a big statement called the DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MEN. This statement only applied to men, it also said that all men are born and remain free and equal in rights. This meant that no men has more power and less power each men had the same power. These rights only applied to men not women. The major rights that applied to the men were liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression. Other major documents applied to the citizens. The rights they had were equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion. Then one day a lady come with her ideas of women’s rights. The lady who wrote the women rights her name was Olympe de Gouges. Her ideas were not just rejected but hey cut her head off because she was considered an enemy of the revolution.

When the national assembly tried to recreate the relationship with the church and state Louis XVI let his fate to a monarch. Many people thought that France was really safe but then they heard about the king and his family being in danger many people decide to leave France and move to another country. In June 1791 one year later after leaving to Paris they returned to their palace but then the king and his family wanted to escape to a city called Austrian, Netherlands. When they got to the border of France a guard recognized his face from the money and they returned the royal family to Paris.

Louis escape lead to a big foreign war against Austria. In 1792 the French were faced with some really big problems. They had to deal with reforms at home and the war against Austria. All of a sudden monarchs and nobles were feared because of was going on in France like the big changes. They thought that the peasants would do something like this in other countries because of what happened in France. When the Austrians and Persians said that they put Louis back on the throne the legislative assembly declared war with Austria in 1792. The Europeans thought that if they help out France with the war they were regaining the chance of Louis going back to a monarch. In the summer of 1792 the war got real bad that the enemy forces were going toward Paris. The Persian commander threaten to destroy Paris if the revolutionaries touched any of the royal family members. Then about 17,000 people men and women didn’t like the statement about the royal family so they invaded the palace where the king and queen we’re staying. The palace went from upside up to the everything being on the floor and destroyed. The members of the legislative assembly gave up on the limited monarchy because the Persian faced a threat. On January 21, 1793 the king Louis walked up the stairs with dignity and with a scaffold on his head. They were going to beheaded him by a machine called the Guillotine. Thousands of innocent people have been killed by the guillotine during the French Revolution.

By July of 1794 the national convention knew that they weren’t safe from Robespierre. The only way they could save their own lives and their jobs was to turn on him. The saying they said when they were arresting him they said “down with the tyrant”. The French revolution ended with Maximilien Robespierre and lost his head that same day on July 28, 1794. This was the reality and story of the French revolution.

Allichunga AKA MaphungYoung French Revolution

At a time where people are worked and ruled upon, where certain others live indulgently, and very certain others live with no guilt gambling with lives, such a time exists. However, this time will change and that time will bring about anew. Those who work to live and struggle in life will soon stand up and do something about their unfair lives. Controlled, trampled, and frowned upon are those who are the hardworking and bottom of society, the Third Estate who are the protagonists. Those who live indulgently are the First and Second Estate, but there are those who are even higher and are frowned upon by the Third Estate. Those three are the antagonists of the time. One of them is Marie Antoinette, the wife of King Louis XVI who provokes the Estates also known as “Madam Deficit” She is a victim of the Reign of Terror. Her husband, King Louis XVI is obviously the king of France starting at age 20 in 1774. Inheriting the throne came with a life of luxury in addition to responsibilities of lives and a looming of heavy debt who ends up upsetting the Estates as well as leaving problems for France. Lastly, there is Robespierre who, in 1793, governed France. He was cruel for beheading people over slightest suspicions and creating a horrible time for the French also known as the Reign of Terror. The Third Estate at this point had been fed up with the other Estates and the King and Queen taking their money and paying half of their income to taxes. They also disdained the King for constantly heavily taxing them, leaving them with only 50 percent of their income and the rest to taxes. In addition to that, the Queen was always squandering money on jewels, gifts, and dresses while the Third Estate worked to survive which upsetted them. In all, life for the Third Estate was difficult. As France is drowning in debt and its leader, King Louis XVI dismisses important matters at hand, there is something that needs to be done. In attempt to do something to save France when it reached bankruptcy, he tries to tax the nobles of the Second Estate. The Second Estate coerces him to announce a meeting of representatives from each estate, also known as the Estates-General. This assembly was called to discuss economic issues and to try and solve them. Sadly, this was the first meeting they had in 175 years which happened on May 5, 1789 at Versailles. Later, in a majority vote at a meeting of all estates, the Third Estate becomes the National Assembly. This vote was the spark act of revolution which gave them some power. With this power, they were able to pass laws and amendments for the French people. Having this power meant something to them and they wanted to use their privileges. On June 17, 1789, the Third Estate representatives tried to get into their meeting room and found out they were locked out of their own room. Angered by this, they broke into the room and surprisingly found an indoor tennis court. They made an oath saying they refused to leave until a new constitution was made. The oath became famous and was named the Tennis Court Oath, hence the event. Scared and in panic, news flies across France that foreign troops are coming to kill French citizens. The people of France would follow their instincts and try to defend Paris. In a mob of many French people, they gathered weapons, but sought gun powder. Fortunately, they knew exactly where to get it which was at Bastille. On July 14, 1789, a horde of agitated of French people overcame the king’s soldiers. Bastille was taken over by this mob of citizens and was a day of celebration for many. It represented revolt and even became a national holiday. However, the celebrations soon came to an end as an unbelievable turn of events will soon arise. Through an unfortunate turn of events, Maximilien Robespierre becomes the ruler of France. He killed many people using the guillotine like Marie Antoinette. He made speeches to the people claiming the Reign of Terror allowed French citizens to stay loyal to the ideas of the revolution. Over frivolous reasons, many were tried and beheaded by the end of the day and overall, 40,000 people were killed. The end of the Reign of Terror was betrayal. Robespierre’s own turned against him fearing for themselves and sentenced him to the guillotine as well. People were rejoiced hearing these news that the rule of the dictator and the Reign of Terror came to an end. Fortunately, France had some sort of comeback which was Napoleon. He was crowned emperor and coveted to control more than just France. As a great leader, France’s people looked to him for inspiration and rising out of the country’s slump. In many continuous battles, his troops won every battle, gaining more land, expanding more of France’s empire. Soon, he controlled most of Europe as well as other lands. Unfortunately, this empire was very large and hard to hold power over and was able to control the empire for 5 years until it finally fell apart. In the end, France’s people were able to revolt and gain some power. They got rid of monarchy in the process and began a new era for France. This new era was the French Revolution. The causes for the revolution are France’s debt, King Louis’ poor leadership, Marie Antoinette’s addition to France’s debt, Robespierre’s Reign of Terror, the economical hardships, political issues, and society structure problems.

(Sorry it's boring. I DID THIS FOR THE EXTRA CREDIT. MUAHAHAHAHA Reinactment:--> (￣ー￣) >A+ < (#ﾟДﾟ) <--Me gladly accepting)

Yoshimi Kina History French Revolution Story

Once there was a girl named Jenny. She was part of the third estate. In her mind she thought that all the states should be taxed a certain percentage based on what they gain. The third estate was getting taxed too much while the first and second estate barely paid any taxes. That way if everyone payed the same percent everyone would be equal. She was also sad about how King Louis XVI borrowed too much money. King Louis XVI was also a very weak leader. He didnt care much about the government and his wife Marie Antoinette spent too much money on jewels. A little bit later all the estates met together. Jenny was part of the third estate. The first and second estate thought that each estate should get one vote. But the third estate thought that each person should get a vote. But as always the king went with the first and seconds states decision. Then Jenny's group decided to make a new group to make laws and called themselves the National Assembly. One day the national assembly was locked out of their room. Instead they went in a tennis court and decided not to go out until they had a new constitution. They called the pledge the tennis court oath. One day the king heard about foreign troops. He gathered all of his soldiers to the fight. On July 14 a mob came to bastille to get gunpowder. The mob beat the French soldiers and then Bastille was ran by the citizens. Then later on they made the declaration of the rights of men. Jenny thought that the church should sell their lands to pay of the big debt they were in. Eventhugh King Louis was a weak leader Jenny was okay with him but when she heard that he was trying to escape to Austria she then hated him. Then the national assembly made a constitution that the king approved. Then France had a battle Austria which led to the imprisonment of King Louis and his family. They found Louis Guilty and they cut his head of with a guillotine. After Robespirre gained the power. Jenny remembered that one of the victims of the guillotine was Marie Antoinette. At last everyone found our that Robespirre was a bad leader and cut his head off with the guillotine.The people found a new leader. His name was Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon became the "hero of the hour" when he stopped all the rebelling loyalists. After a while Napoleon became the leader. Napoleon then became the emperor. Napoleon wanted to gain all of the lands. Then he made three big mistakes. Napoleon tries to gain power by building a new army but since the army was worn out from the last battle the were worn out. _ __Anthony Sandoval__ January 13, 1798 __Dear Diary, __ __My name is Pete Hastings and I was born on June 16, 1770. I am 19 and I was born in a small village far from King Louis XVI’s palace. I am part of the Third Estate, we are known as peasants but we are much more than that. Some of us are merchants, artisans, cooks, or servants, but I am only a servant. I attend the clergy’s every need. In return I am given only food. They do not treat me with respect or dignity. I am nothing to them. I do not like the clergy, noblemen, or even the King and Queen. Even though the Third Estate is made up of 98% of France’s population we pay higher taxes than anyone. The first estate consists of clergy from the Roman Catholic Church. They are less than 1% of the population, yet they do not pay taxes. The second estate is made of noblemen and they make up 2% of the population, they pay almost no taxes. I hope to live the day that France will treat the Third Estate with the respect that we deserve, but we can’t do anything about it. This is the way it’s always been. __ March 15, 1798 __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">King Louis has raised taxes once again. The cost of living has risen significantly, people are beginning to starve. On the bright side I am learning more and more about the American Revolution. They overthrew their government and were successful. If they can have liberty then why can’t we. __ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">June 18, 1789 __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">On May 5, 1789 I attended the “Meeting of Estates General”. This meeting was to propose ideas to solve France’s debt. The church, noblemen, and commoners were chosen by King Louis XVI. This meeting lasted for several weeks. At the end of this meeting the outcome was simple. On June 17, 1789 the Third Estate broke away from the estates and formed “The National assembly”. Now we have a say in what laws and reforms should and shouldn’t be made. People are calling this the beginning of the “French Revolution”. __ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">June 27, 1798 __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">On June 20, 1789 the National Assembly and I could not enter the Estates-General. It was surrounded by soldiers that did not let us in. So we went around into the tennis courts and from there we pledged to stay. We would not move until a new constitution was formed. This event is known as “Tennis court Oath”. The King did not seem happy about this. I believe he was feeling intimidated by the National Assembly’s increasing power. __ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">July 15, 1798 __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">July 14, 1789 is a day to remember. It was King Louis XVI’s last problem that the people could take. I believe that as the National Assembly grew with power, King Louis XVI would grow paranoid. He knew that the people did not like him; that might result in King Louis being murdered. So, he ordered foreign troops to protect him. So they gathered their guns, but they had no gun powder. They headed toward the Baistille prison. From there they collected all the gun powder and eventually overpowered the foreign troops. France was under the citizen’s control. This is known as “The Storming of Baistille”. __ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">October 1, 1789 __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">I have received great news! King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were captured from their escape. Soon after the storming of Baistille they feared for their lives and attempted to escape to the Austrian Netherlands. The Queen and King were hated for several reasons. To begin with the King did not pay attention to France’s debt. He would rather pick locks or hunt. In addition, he married royalty from Austria; France’s sworn enemy. The Queen was hated because she spent an extravagant amount of money on useless things. For example, she spent money on dresses and gambling cards. __ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">January 23, 1792 __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">A lot has changed since I last wrote. King Louis XVI has been kicked out of his throne. France has changed its government. Monarchy has been abolished and republic has been introduced. King Louis XVI was put to trial for treason. He was found guilty and was punished with death. He was decapitated by a new technique called the “Guillotine”. It is when a slanted blade comes crashing down on the victim’s head. It is brutal to watch! __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">July 30, 1794 __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Maximilien Robespierre came to power on July 1793. His reign is known as the “Reign of Terror”. This is because he executed many people for breaking severe and minor laws. There was at least one execution each day. He ruled like a dictator. He made sure that Marie Antoinette was executed. His reign ended when he was executed. This was because the National Convention was scared for their lives, so they turned on him. He died on July 28, 1794 and so did the reign of terror. __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">May 15, 1804 __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor of France in 1804. Napoleon rose to power because he was a brilliant general. He led France’s army to success through good times and bad times. His future seems bright if he continues in the path that he is going. I’ve encountered many of his accomplishments. For example, before he was emperor he set up Lyc// ée //s. Lyc// ée //s were government-run public schools. In addition, Napoleon signed the concordat. The concordat was a document that created a new relationship between the church and state. That meant that the church would be a bigger part of society again. __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">June 16, 1804 __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear Diary, __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">I have a feeling that this will be my last entry in this diary. The doctors do not know what is wrong with me, but they know I will die soon. I’ve seen everything I wanted to see. France is a better place than it was 34 years ago. Hopefully, France will continue to grow strong. __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Steve Hastings died on June 17, 1804. He was 34 when he died. __


 * Unforgettable by Michelle Dang**

A few months back when France was beginning to go in the direction of bankruptcy. France was absolutely fine, until King Louis XVI took charge. He and his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette, are the worst leaders ever. King Louis could care less about us peasants, and Queen Marie Antoinette keeps wasting our money on things that she doesn’t even need! It’s bad enough that we have to work the hardest, but we get to keep the least amount of money. Life is totally unfair for us economically unstable citizens of France. I’m Annabelle, but people just call me Annie for short. I grew up in France, in a little shack that’s called a ‘house’. Us citizens who live in ‘houses’ are considered lucky to those who have to sleep out on the streets. I’m only 7, but I’m already helping out in the family. I would help my mom clean up & cook dinner every night. On some rare occasions, I would go out in the fields and help me dad with chopping wood, or, harvesting the crops, but that rarely happens, like once every few years rare. This is only going to get worse from here. I just know that it is. What I don’t get is, why are the first and second estates depending on us to recover the damage that the King and Queen had caused? The first estate, or the Clergy, is unbelievably rich, just like the second estate, the nobles, is depending on us, the third estate, or as we are commonly known as the poor. The first two estates have a whole butt-load of money, but won’t pay a single cent to help out their country. There’s going to be a meeting of the estate generals about us paying most, if not, all of France’s debt money. We’re obviously going to lose. It’s going to be a 2 to one win. The rich would want for the poor to pay. They are selfish people who don’t care about anyone but their selves. The meeting of the Estate-General was an assembly of representatives from all three estates. At the meeting, a clergyman argued that the third estate was everything. With out us, they wouldn’t have gotten anywhere. That man suggested that the Third Estate delegates name them the National Assembly. Three days later, while getting ready for a meeting, the Third Estate delegates found themselves locked out of their meeting room. They broke down the door of an indoor tennis court and pledged to stay there until they had a new constitution wrote down. Therefore, this pledge leads us to the Tennis Court Oath. Scared, King Louis tried to make peace with us by yielding to the National Assembly. At the same time though, he was sensing some trouble and ordered the Swiss army to prepare for the rebellion. In Paris, rumor flew that foreign troops were coming to massacre French citizens. This really scared my family and me. My dad thought that it would be a safe plan if my mom and me would hide while he goes out and tries to fight off the foreign army. Soon after everyone heard this rumor, the men would gather their weapons and get ready for whatever that was going to come towards them. This period of time was called the Storming of the Bastille. Seeing that no threat was coming, we began to rebel. We would go through nobles’ houses and trash the place. Everything in the next few weeks were out of control. Everywhere I looked, there were people fighting & dying. It was truly a horrible sight. There were absolutely too many peasants dying. There were hundreds of thousands dying peasants. As dozens of leaders struggle for control, Maximilien Robespierre slowly gathered control into his own hands. Robespierre finally got our trust. Once the wealthy noticed that, they began to change their nobility names to something that was more humble. Everyone who was wealthy was starting to get scared now that Robespierre was in control. Unfortunately, as time passes by, Robespierre did more harm than good. He let too many peasants died. Instead of helping us, he was killing us. When we found out, we decided that this has got to stop, so we captured Robespierre and be-headed him with the guillotine. The period when Robespierre was in control is called, The Reign of Terror. As time passed, a government official named, Napoleon Bonaparte. He soon became the leader of France once the King and Queen were gone. With Napoleon in charge, he did the opposite of what Robespierre did. He actually tries to stop the madness. Everything changed a little though. France became more strict than normal with Napoleon in charge. In the next few months, Napoleon would be leading us in war & towards victory & freedom. This is an unforgettable part of my life that I would carry on for the rest of my life. Even though I’m still a child, I know nothing would compare to this period of time. There’s nothing better than the taste of freedom after such a long time of working day and night to stay alive. It’s a good feeling, & I hope it’ll last.

YAY(: It works again Mr. Sterret :D

Jenifer Valle per. 2

=The French Revolution=

There was once a little boy named Tommy who had a mission to teach a class of 33 students. His topic was the French Revoultion. So he started thinking and thinking he came to a conclution that he was going to dress a new cast and just talk about the frenc revoultion. Tommy started his presention by saying "Do you guys know anything about the French Revoultion?" The class stayed quite no one said anything, it was an awkard silent.So tommy started by saying the French Revoltion had three estates. The first estate were the roman catholic church people. After tommy started saying he had the whole class paying attenchion to what he was saying. So he felt cofident about what he was doing. He said the second eestate were the rich nobles they were disagreed about enligtenment idea. The third estate were the peasants the farmers, they had no power, the payed really high taxes an they no control or power to influence in the government, they were basically a no body. "Tommy asked, Does any one have any question?" A girl named Bella asked " can you please explain better the three states." Tommy answered,"sure why not". The First estate were the ones that had more power they had less than 1 persent of the peoples population, and they paid no taxes. They owned 10 persent of the land in france. The second estate were the nobles they had 2% of the peoples population they held the highest offices in the government they had 20 persent of the land and paid no taxes. The third estate were the poor people the farmers the pesants they had 98% of the population of the people. they paid really hiegh taxes and they had no power for the government.they worked all day to beable to eat,some died because of the starvation. tommy said " as a conlusion these are the third estates." Tommy keep adding more thing in his presentation like like he said that louis xvi became king in 1774, there was really bad weather in 1780 and it caused the widespread crop falure, in 1789 the bread doubled and not alot of the farmers had money to pay so they died of starvation. Tommy keep going and he asked the class "does someone know the cause of the french revoultion?" The class was sielent. tommy started explaining the cause he said that one of them was becase it was divided in three estates it was also because of the social cause. Tommy started talking about louis xvi, louis was the king of france, he became king in 1774, he was not a good king he made france go in really big problems he made france go in dept and lots of people did not like him. A girl named Roxy asked tommy "who was Marie Antoinette?" tommy respond Marie was Louis wife. They married when he was 15 and she was 14.They got married because because she was a member of a royal family in Austria. She ws the queen. Tommy said "enough talking about them. Lets talk about the Tennis court oath. The tennis court was just a pledge until they had drawn a new constitution. The National Assembly were the third estate delegates that wanted them to be named National Assembly. Tommy presentation was coming to an era but he didn't want to finish until he talked about the beginning of the Napleon or in other words "The Rise Of Napleon" they began in 1769 yes Napoleon Bonaparte as born on 1769 on the med terrance island of corsica. In 1800 Napoloen pretended to be constitionally chosen leader of a free republic. Tommy was done he had nothing to say so tommy said i have came to a conclusion thanks for listening to my presentation.